Carbureter.



E. HANEMANN= GARBURETER Patented July 28, 1914.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12,1913. 1,105,134.

[/VVENTOR.

ATTORNEY WITNESSES:

i ,iosaee.

PAEENT OFFICE.

EIiTGELBERT HANEMANN, O13 HOLYOKE', MASSACHUSETTS.

GARBURETEB To all 107mm 2']: may concern:

Be it known that l, Enonnnnu'r Hannimxts. a citizen of the United Statesof America, residing at Holyoke, in the county of l-lampdcn and State oflilassachusetts, have invented a new and useful Carbureter, of which thebillowing is a specifications ivi y invention relates to improvements incarburetors for hydrocarbonor gasolene engines, and consists of certainpeculiar gasand air-controlling means, which comprise a valve-providedair intake surrounding the mixing chamber and opening into the same atvarious points, together with a member of special form for the dischargeof the fuel, and other necessary and desirable features all ashereinafter set forth.

The primaryobject of my invention is to produce a carbureter which mostthoroughly and completely breaks up the gas and mixes it with the air sothat a fuel mixture of the required fineness is obtained, and one whichalso has the proper proportions of gas and air. is a resultof theimproved mixture which i am able to produce with this car an engineequipped with such carand supplied with such mixture therefrom is moreflexible and efiicient, and is operated more economically because lessfuel is required to produce a given result.

A further object is to produce such a carbureter which is simple,compact, and comparativcly inexpensive, and withal entirely practicableand possessing a high degreeof efficiency under the various conditionsincident to theuse of such a device.

Other objects are to provide in a carbureter a fuel supply and an airadjustment that are automatic in action, which action. is simple andbrought about by or results from equally simple mechanical means, and toproduce a whirling motion at two points or elevations in the air supplywith whichm carburcter is equipped and which const1- tutes an importantfeature or features of the same. 4

Various other objects and advantages will appear in the course ofthefollowing description.

I attain the objects and secure the advantapes of my invention by themeans illus trawl in the accompanying drawings, in

1 4 ilt/.1 I

Figure 1 is a central vertical section throu gh a carburetor whichembodies a practical term of my invention; Fig. 2, a hen- Specificationof Letters Patent.

Patented J uly28, 1914.

Application filed November 12, 1913. Serial No. 800,511.

' zontal section through said carbureter, taken on lines 2-2, in Fig. 1,looking down, and, Fig. 3, atop plan of the full and initial air supplymembers.

Similar figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The carburetor casing may be constructed in any suitable manner, but asherein illustrated consists of an air tube 1 externally screwthreaded atthe top and bottom, a mixing chamber 3 screwed at the base on to the topof said tube, and provided above the base with an overhanging orhorizontal part4 which has an annular shoulder 5 adjacent to its outeredge, a float-chamber 6 surrounding said tube and held in place at thebottom thereon by means of a coupling nut 7 screwed onto said tube, saidfloat chamber being provided on one side with a fuel intake projection8, an annular channeliorming member 9 supported on the top of saidfloat-chamber and having a. flan e 10 to engage such top, and fit saidshoulder 5, said member 9 being provided on one side with an air-inletchamber 11. The member 9 fits tightly around the contiguousportion ot'the mixing-chamber Thereiis a valveseat 12 in the bottomof the chamber11, and

below said seat, is an annular flange 13 which Is externally.screw-threaded to. re-

ccive a coupling-nut 14. A flanged tubular member or elbow 15 issecurely attached to the flange 13 by means of the coupling-nut H. Inpractice, the elbow 15 is preferably connected with the shell or casingaround the exhaust of the engine, so that hot air enters said elbow andmay be taken therefrom through the valve-seat 12. A flanged pipe 16leads from the air-take member or elbow 15 at the base of the tube 1, atwhich base said pipe is securely attached by means of. the couplingnut7. Thus it is seen that air from the elbow 15 passes to the tube 1 byway of the pipe 16, as well as to the chamber 11 by way of thevalve-seat 12-.

Travel-sing the tube 1 transversely is a member 1? in which is apassage18 that opens through opposite sides of said tube into the float-chamber(incur the, bottom thereof. Rising from the member 17, in the axialcenter of the tube 1, is an upright nozzle 19 in'which is a. verticalpassage 20 that opens at the base into the passage 18and terminates atthetop in a seat 21 for a valve QQ. -he float-chamber 6 can be drawntherefrom It is now clear that fuel fromios by suction through thepassages 18 and 20 and the valve-seat 21, assuming, of course, that thelatter be not closed by the valve 22.

The valve 22 is. of special construction as shown, being large at thetop and pointed at the bottom and having concave sides. Said valve is,in fact, an inverted concave cone. The valvesea-t is made to correspondto the valve 22, by having a convex conical form, as shown. By givingthese forms to the valve 22 and its seat, and especially by making saidvalve with a large head and concave sides, and locating the same so thatthe air discharge from the tube 1, both di rect and by Way of thepassages 24:, and the liquid-fuel discharge from the passage 20 mustnecessarily impinge thereon, it results that the fuel elements arecompletely broken up and thoroughly co-mmingled and combined by the timethey enter the mixing chamber 3 and as soon as they enter said chamber.By being thus merged into each other, as it were, the primary fuelelements are made ready for the auxiliary air which enters the mixingchamber 3.

The nozzle 19 is enlarged at the upper end to form an annular shoulder23, and leading inwardly and upwardly from said shoulder is a series ofpassages 24. The passages 24 open through the valve-seat 21 andsaidpassages are in tangential relation to an imaginary circle passingthrough the inner ends thereof. as clearly shown in Fig.

3. While some of the air which enters the tube 1 from the pipe 16 passesaround the outside of the upper terminal ofthe nozzle 19, a portion ofsuch air impinges against the shoulder and is thereby deflected into thepassages 24 which impart a whirling motion and to the air thus deflectedfrom its natural course, upon its entrance into the space between thevalve-seat 21 and the valve thorough mixing of the air'with the fuel orgas occurs initially than would be the case if the entire volume arosearound the outside of the nozzle 19 and did not mingle with the gasuntil after the latter had risen out of said seat.

There is a vertical passage 25 ending at the top in a valve-seat 26 inthe projection 8, also a valve 27 therein for said seat. A screw-cap 28is provided for the projection 8 or the chamber therein. 'Said chamberopens at 29 into the float-chamber 6. Pivotally mounted at 30 is arocker-arm 31. The valve 27 is attached to the arm 31 at one terminal,and a float 32, in the floatchamber 6, is attached to said arm at theother terminal. The arm 31 extends through the opening 29. Thesefloat-valve members operate in the usual and well-known manner to admitthe liquid fuel to the floatchamber 6, and to maintain an adequate sup-Q The l of said valve and between it and the upper ply of such fueltherein at all times.

22, with the result that a moretop of the float-chamber 6, or of theannular space contained within the member designated by said numeral, isformed or closed by the bottom parts of the mixingchamber 3 and themember 9, and a vent opening is provided in said member 6 for thepurpose of relieving undue pressure in the aforesaid space.

It will be observed that the valve 22 is enlarged to such an extent atits outer end as to materially constrict the entrance to' themixing-chamber 3, or the exit from the tube 1. Thus I avoid using a tube1 of the Venturi type, and obtain the same or better eifects than wouldbe the case if a tube of such type were employed. The valve 22 has astem 34: rising therefrom and operating in a tube 35 which is tappedinto and depends from the upper part. of the mixing; chamber 3 so thatsuch tube is adjustable vertically in said chamber. A spring 36,encircles the valve-stem 34 between the lower end of the tube 35 and thevalve 22. The valve-stem 34 extends beyond the tube 34: at the top. andis screw-threaded to receive a nut 37 on the protruding terminal. Thenut 57 when it comes to rest on the head 38 of the tube limits thedownward movement of the valve 22. The valve-stem 34 has a head 39 atits outerend. A double adjustment is thus provided for the valve 22, andmeans also for changing or regulating the tension of the spring 36.Usually the nut 37 is employed to regulate the spring 36. and the tubeto regulate the valve 22. When the nut 37 is adjusted on the valve-stem3t, it either locates the valve 22 nearer the lower end of the tube 35and so compresses the spring 36 to a greater extent, or moves said valvefarther away from said tube and so decreases the compression of saidspring, accordingly as said nut is screwed up or down on said stem.Having adjusted the valve 22 relative to the tube 35, in the manner andfor the purpose just explained, said tube is screwed up or down to soadjust the valve-stem 34 carried thereby as to prevent said valve frombeing fully seated. A convenient means is thus provided for regulatingthe amount of minimum space between the needle-valve and its seat, andfor nia'nually lifting said valve to clear the seat from anyobstruction.

Initially the fuel is drawn up through the valve-seat'2l and around thevalve 22 through the space left when the nut 37 is at rest on the head38, but as soon as the suction increasesthe force of the spring 36 isovercome, and said valve with its stem and said nut is elevated, thusincreasing the opening for the escape of the fuel and permitting morefuel or an increasing volend of the tube 1 into the mixing-chamber 3.\Vhen the force of the suction decreases the spring '36 acts to forcethe valve 22 downwardly, and as such force continues to decrease saidspring finally forces said valve into its lowest position. The spring 36is aided by gravity, and in some cases gravity alone might be dependedupon to prevent the valve 22 from risin too easily and to return thesame to closed position.

A butterfly valve is shown at 40, in the first view, to control thepassage of the. fuel mixture from-the mixing-chamber 3. to the intakemanifold of the engine, the latter not vter is an air-chamber.

being shOWn.

The part 4 and the member 9 inclose a hollow space or form an annularchamber 41, into which the intake chamber 11 opens at 42. In the sidewalls of the mixingchamber 3 is a series of tangential openings 43, thusestablishing communication between i said chamber and the chamber 41which lat- Air, drawn from the chamber 41 through the tangentialopenings 43 into the mixing-chamber 3, is discharged or sucked into saidmixing chamber in such a manner as to impart to such air a whirlingmotion, as will be readily seen. Obviously the whirling motion thusproduced is most" eflicacious in breaking up, commingling, and itselfmixing with the fuel or vapor 1n the mixing-chamber.

A valve 44 is provided for the valve-seat 12 in the bottom of thechamber 11. A stem its 45 rises from the valve 44 and operates in anadjusting screw 46 tapped into the top of the chamber 11. A. spring 47.is interposed between the inner end of the screw 46 a-nd the top of'thevalve 44, and serves to retain said valve-on its seat, and to return itto'such seat after being lifted therefrom, in the absence'of apreponderance of ressure from below the valve, resulting rom thewithdrawalof'pressure from above the valve by the, suction produced bythe engine. The force of the spring 47, and consequently theforce'required .to open the valve 44 against said spring,-- areincreased or decreasd by turning thepscrew 46 in or out. There-is apassage 48 in the screw 46 for the valve-stem 45, which passage is ofsufiicient length 'to accommodate said stem regardless of the amount ofnormal adjustment that may be given said screw. l

From the foregoingboththe-construction and generaloperation of thecarburetor will be un efined ese l wadly a b ef explanation of themanner in which thecarbureter operates as a whole, and this I will whichescapes through the passages 24, and being sucked into said chamber,with air that rises around the nozzle 19 above the shoulder 23, frombetween said tube and the cilarged partof the valve 22. The fuel mixturethus initially drawn into the 'mixing-chamber 3 -is.very efficient,owing to the action of the air which is drawn through the tangentialpassages 24,'and to the consequent thorough commingling of the ele'.ments. As thesuction increases the valve 22 is raised to admit to thetube land the mixing-chamber an increased or increasing amount of liquidfuel mixed with the initial air, As the engine continues to require moregas br fuel mixture, sufficient force is developed to raise the valve44, againstthe resiliency of the spring 47, to open the way from theelbow 15 through the valve-seat 12 into the chamber 11. The air which isthus drawn into the chamber 11 is sucked from said chamber, through'thepart 42, into the 'chamber'41, thence, through the tangential openin 43,into the mixingchamber where it immediately mixes in the most thoroughmanner with the fuel already therein. Theairirom the chamber 41 has,a-whirling motion imparted thereto by the act of passing through theopenings 43, as previously explained, and this insures the proper amountof commingling between the several elements in the mixing-chamber. Assoon as the required amount of additional air is received and thesuctionsufiiciently de: creased, the spring 47 acts to close the valve 44. Thevalve 44 opens more or less ac cording to the force exerted by thesuction within the chambers 3, 41 and 11, or in agreement with suchforce. I For construction purposes and convenience the bottom'or floorof the intake chamber 11 is removable, the same being screwed into placein the present case, as shown in Fig. 1, Various changes in the shape,size, ar rangement, and construction of some or. all of the parts andmembers of the carbureter, as herein illustrated, may be made without dearting from the spirit of my invention. Vhat I claim as myinvention,anddesire to secure by Letters atent, is

1. Air and fuel supply means, tor a car bureter, comprising'an air tubeand a fuel nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a, valve-seatand having a series of air passages opening into said seat from saidtube, and an inverted concave conical valve for said seat.

2. Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tubeand a fuel. nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a valve-seatand having a series of tailgential air passages opening. into said seatfrom the outside of said nozzle, and an inverted concave conical valvefor said seat.

3. Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tubeand a fuel nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a valve-seatand having a series of tangential air passages opening into saidseatfrom said tube, said passages extending up- Wardly and inwardly, and aninverted concave conical valve for said seat.

4- Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tubeand a shouldered fuel nozzle within such tube, said nozzle beingprovided with a valve-seat and having a series of tangential airpassages opening at one end beneath the shoulder on said nozzle and atthe other end into said valve-seat, and an inverted concave conicalvalve for said seat.

5. In a carburetor, an air tube, a mixingchamber directly mounted on andattached to the upper terminal of said tube, said mixing-chamber havingan exterior flange, a float-chamber supported from the bottom part ofsaid tube, an annular member, comprising a bottom and sides, surroundingand fitting said mixing-chamber below said flange and forming with saidflange an air chamber, said annular member being mounted directly onsaid float-chamber and being provided "with an intake chamber whichopens into said air chamber, the latter in turn opening into said mixingchamber, a valve-seat in said intake chamber, and a valve for such seat.I

6. In a carburetor, an air tube, a mixingchamber mounted on the upperterminal of said tube, said mixing-chamber having an exterior flange, afloat-chamber supported from the lower terminal of said tube, an annularmember, comprising a bottom and sides, surrounding and fitting saidmixingchamber below said flange and forming with said flange an airchamber, said annular member being mounted on said float-chamber andbeing provided with an intake chamber which opens into said air chamber,the latter in turn opening into said mixingchamber, a valve-seat in saidintake chamber, a valve for such seat, a conduit leading to said intakechamber and opening into the same outside of said valveseat, and aconduit in open connection with said first-mentioned conduit and thebase of said air tubel 7. The combination, in a carbureter, with afuel-supply member, and a tubular member mounted for longitudinaladjustment above said fuel supply-member, of a valvestem arranged toslide freely in said tubular member, a valve rigidly attached to theinner end of said stem and in operative position relative to saidfuel-supply-member, and adjusting means for said valve-stem relative tosaid tubular member.

8. The combination, in a carbureter, with a. fuel-supply member, and atubular member mounted for longitudinal adjustment above said fuelsupply-member, of a valvestem arranged to slide freely in said tubularmember, a' valve rigidly attached to the inner end of said stem and inoperative position relative to said supply-member, a spring interposedbetween said needle-valve and the adjacent end of said tubular member,and adjusting means for said valve-stem relative to said tubular member.

9. Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tubeand a fuel nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a convexconical valve-seat and having a series of air passages opening into saidseat from said tube, and an inverted concave conical, valve for saidseat.

10. The combination, in a carbureter, of an air tube, a fuel nozzletherein of less diameter than the tube, such nozzle being pro vided witha convex conical valveseat and having a fuel passage and a series of airpassages, the latter opening into said seat from said tube, and aninverted concave conical valve in said tube for said seat, said valvehaving a large head which is over said air and fuel passages and thepassage in said tube. s

11. The combination, in a c'arbureter, of an air tube, a fuel nozzletherein of less diameter than the tube, such no z'zle being providedwith a convex conical Walve-seat and having a fuel passage and /a seriesof air passages, the latter opening into said seat fromsaid tube, aninverted concave conical valve in said tube for said sea-t, said valvehaving a large head which is over said fuel and air passages and thepassage in said tube. a mixing chamber above said tube, an auxiliary airchamber around said mixing chamber and opening into the same, and

means to supply air to said auxiliarychamber.

ENGELBERT HANEMANN.

Witnesses: V

F. A. Curran, A. C. FAIRBANKS.

